Grafting
/GRAF-ting/Joining a fruiting vine variety to a resistant rootstock.
Full Definition
Grafting attaches a scion (fruiting variety) to a rootstock (resistant root system). This became essential after phylloxera devastated European vineyards in the late 1800s. American rootstocks resist the pest while allowing European varieties to grow. Nearly all vines worldwide are now grafted, except in isolated phylloxera-free regions.